By Robin G. Jordan
In the nineteenth century the Oxford Tractarian and Ritualist Movements, which are jointly called the Romeward Movement, sought to change the identity of the Church of England, to erase the Protestant and Reformed character of the English Church and make the Church more like the Church of Rome in doctrine and practice. Their aim was to make the Church of England so like the Church of Rome that the Pope would readmit the English Church into the Roman fold.
Among the claims of the Oxford Tractarians and the Ritualists was that the Evangelicals and Protestant High Churchmen were not true churchmen. They maintained that they were the only true churchmen and the other church parties or schools of thought had no place being in the Church of England. While they urged the Protestant High Churchmen to adopt Romish doctrine and practice, they demanded that the Evangelicals leave the Church of England and join the Non-Conformists.
What made this demand particularly outrageous was that the Evangelicals were conforming to the doctrine and practice of the Church of England while the Oxford Tractarians and the Ritualists were openly defying the canons of the English Church and the law of the land with their Romanizing. They were the non-conformists!
The struggle between the Oxford Tractarians and the Ritualists and the Evangelicals in the nineteenth century was the precursor of later struggles in the twentieth century. These struggles have persisted unabated into the twenty-first century and have grown in their intensity. They revolve around critical issues such as the authority of the Bible. Among these issues is the identity of the Anglican Church and the criterion for Anglican orthodoxy.
Each group has tried to reconfigure Anglicanism, representing its definitions of Anglican and Anglicanism as the authoritative definitions of the terms, and seeking tacit acceptance of its definitions in the Anglican Church. The confusion and disarray that one sees in the contemporary Anglican Church is attributable in part to the competing definitions of Anglican and Anglicanism vying for acceptance in the Anglican Church. The first Global Anglican Future Conference tried to establish some order in the confusion and disarray with the Jerusalem Declaration, which recognizes fourteen tenets underlying Anglican orthodoxy.
The latest group to enter the fray is the Roman Catholic Church. Since the sixteenth century one Pope after another has sought to undermine the English Reformation and to bring the English Church back into the Roman fold. The latest is Pope Benedict XVI.
Pope Benedict is appealing to a disaffected segment of the Church of England that is faced with the unwelcome prospect of women bishops in the English Church. He is calling upon them to defect to the Church of Rome and he is making it easier for them to defect than in the past. He is establishing an Anglican Church within the Roman Catholic Church. At the same time he is claiming what he is doing is in keeping with the spirit of ecumenism of the last forty odd years.
The Pope has little to lose if his ecclesiastical adventurism is unsuccessful. If the ordinariates erected under his plan do not prove viable, they can be absorbed into the archdiocesan structure of the Roman Catholic Church. The former Anglicans in the ordinariates may not like it. However, they chose to become Roman Catholics.
The leaders of the Church of England, lulled into complacency by decades of ecumenical dialogue, have been caught napping. General Synod rejected a proposal that would have created a non-geographic third province within the Church of England for those whose theological convictions prevented them from accepting women in ordained ministry. General Synod eliminated the provisions providing flying bishops for these folks. General Synod created an opportunity and the Pope seized it.
The idea behind the personal ordinariates for former Anglican in the Roman Catholic Church is fairly similar to the idea behind the proposal for a non-geographic third province within the Church of England. The personal ordinariate is not a new concept in the Roman Catholic Church. Peculiarities—chapels, churches, districts, and whole islands under the oversight of a bishop different from the bishop of the ecclesiastical jurisdiction in which they are located—are not a new concept in the Church of England.
The English also had their own licensed chapels in Scotland in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. The English Prayer Book was used in these chapels and the Scottish bishops had no jurisdiction over them.
No matter how the Vatican and the Roman Catholic media try to construe it, the creation of the personal ordinariates for former Anglicans in the Roman Catholic Church is by no stretch of the imagination a friendly act. It is certainly not a new ecumenical initiative or step toward Christian unity as it is being portrayed.
I have been posting articles about the Personal Ordinariates as part of a new feature on Anglicans Ablaze, which I title “Ordinariate Watch.” The idea behinds this feature is to keep my readers informed about not only what is going on but also how it may affect the Anglican Church.
What caught my attention in one article were the words of the Dominican theologian Aidan Nichols, the homilist at former Anglican bishop Keith Newton’s first mass as a Roman Catholic priest. He described the Our Lady Walsingham Ordinariate as “nothing less than the reconfiguring of Anglicanism by union with the Petrine centre and its criteria of orthodoxy”.
This suggests that the Roman Catholic Church has joined the groups seeking to make their definitions of Anglican and Anglicanism the accepted or predominate definitions, adding another voice to the chorus. It might be more accurate to say that the Church of Rome has modified its strategy for redefining Anglican and Anglicanism. The ecumenical dialogue of the past forty years has comprised a major part of that strategy.
What the Anglican Church needs right now is a strong champion for authentic historic Anglicanism and the Protestant and Reformed character of the Anglican Church. Due to the history of the Episcopal Church and its effect upon Anglicanism in North America, the Anglican Church in North America, the Anglican Mission, the Continuing Anglican Churches, and the Episcopal Church are not equipped to be that champion. None of these bodies evidences a strong commitment to authentic historic Anglicanism and the Protestant and Reformed character of the Anglican Church albeit individual congregations and clergy within them display such a commitment. The commitment of such bodies appear to more to what is represented as latter-day expressions of Anglicanism, for example, modernism, pluralism, syncreticism, and universalism in the Episcopal Church.
The philosophy of the church with which I have been sojourning is, “If you see a need, don’t walk away. Do something about it.” See a need. Meet a need. What we have here is a clear need. The question is, “What are we going to do about it?”
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